Divergence and Curl

Auth:J       Date:2025/03/08              Views:16

I was learning about electromagnetism this quarter. Such a self contained, beautiful theory. Distilled into four equations, the Maxwell Equations. I will try to present them with words alone and we will see how natural these statements are.

  1. The divergence of electric field is proportional to local charge density.

  2. The divergence of magnetic field is zero.

  3. The curl of electric field is proportional to negative change of magnetic field.

  4. The curl of magnetic field is proportional to current density and change of electric field.

These can be written in integral form as well, and correspond to the laws as such:

  1. Gauss's Law: For a closed surface, the electric flux through the surface is proportional to the net charge contained in the surface.

  2. No Magnetic Monopole: For a closed surface, the magnetic flux through the surface is always zero.

  3. Faraday's Law: The integral of electric field along a closed loop is negative rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop.

  4. Ampere's Law: The integral of magnetic field along a closed loop is proportional to the current enclosed by the loop and the displacement current (which is proportional to the rate of change of electric flux through the loop)

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